Local meteoric water lines describe extratropical precipitation     

Devin F. Smith  Elsa Saelens  Deborah L. Leslie  Anne E. Carey 《水文研究》2021,35(2):e14059

Stable water isotopes δ¹⁸O and δ²H are used to investigate precipitation trends and storm dynamics to advance knowledge of precipitation patterns in a warming world. Herein, δ¹⁸O and δ²H were used to determine the relationship between extratropical cyclonic precipitation and local meteoric water lines (LMWLs) in the eastern Ohio Valley and the eastern United States. Precipitation volume weighted and unweighted central Ohio LMWLs, created with samples collected during 2012–2018, showed that temperature had the greatest effect on precipitation isotopic composition. HYSPLIT back trajectory modelling showed that precipitation was primarily derived from a mid-continental moisture source. Remnants of major hurricanes were collected as extratropical precipitation during the 2012–2018 sampling period in central Ohio. Extratropical precipitation samples were not significantly different from the samples that created the central Ohio LMWL. Six additional LMWLs were derived from United States Geological Survey (USGS) Atmospheric Integrated Research Monitoring Network (AIRMoN) samples collected in Pennsylvania, Delaware, Tennessee, Vermont, New Hampshire, and Oxford, Ohio. Meteoric water lines describing published samples from Superstorm Sandy, plotted with these AIRMoN LMWLs, showed isotopic composition of Superstorm Sandy precipitation was commonly more depleted than the average isotopic composition at the mid-latitude locations. Meteoric water lines describing the Superstorm Sandy precipitation were not significantly different in slope from LMWLs generated within 300 km of the USGS AIRMoN site. This finding, which was observed across the eastern Ohio Valley and eastern United States, demonstrated a consistent precipitation δ²H–δ¹⁸O relationship for extratropical cyclonic and non-cyclonic events. This work also facilitates the analysis of storm development based on the relationship between extratropical event signature and the LMWL. Analysis of extratropical precipitation in relation to LMWLs along storm tracks allows for stronger development of precipitation models and understanding of which climatic and atmospheric factors determine the isotopic composition of precipitation.  相似文献   

国产高分辨率遥感影像农村公路核查方法及其应用     

蔡红玥  袁胜古  阳柯  王芳  盛光晓 《测绘通报》2020,(3):91-95

传统的农村公路核查需要人工实地抽查或通过GNSS设备进行信息采集验核，存在成本高、效率低等问题。遥感影像具有成像范围广、时效性高、成本低、能客观反映现实情况等优点。相比于传统方法，将遥感影像引入农村公路核查，能客观、准确、高效地对农村公路相关信息进行核查。本文基于国产高分辨率遥感影像，结合农村公路遥感核查业务，采用遥感影像道路提取算法，设计并实现了一种农村公路核查方法。将本方法应用于某中部省份农村公路遥感核查业务，实际应用表明该方法能有效提高现有农村公路遥感核查的工作效率。  相似文献   

复杂地形景区三维导览图的设计与实现     

吴思锴  李百寿  郭家豪  李雪  张卫平 《北京测绘》2020,(1):38-43

为满足复杂地形景区对三维地图导览的需求,构建更为清晰的三维地图模型,提供良好的三维导览地图设计方案显得尤为重要。为了更好地与卫星影像进行贴合,DEM数据的采样密度要与卫星影像的分辨率一致。本文通过对比当下常用的四种空间插值方法的适用范围与运用特点,设置相关阈值及权重,直观比较了四种插值方法产生的插值结果,选择更适合复杂景区DEM插值的插值方法并对其进行精度提升,以此得到符合精度要求的DEM数据。最后利用相应地区的卫星影像进行地图投影及影像贴图,两种数据结合构建复杂景区的三维地图模型,给游客带来更为精确直观的定位信息和空间要素信息。  相似文献   

Cover crops and precipitation influence soluble reactive phosphorus losses via tile drain discharge in an agricultural watershed     

Matt T. Trentman  Jennifer L. Tank  Todd V. Royer  Shannon L. Speir  Ursula H. Mahl  Lienne R. Sethna 《水文研究》2020,34(23):4446-4458

Subsurface tile drainage speeds water removal from agricultural fields that are historically prone to flooding. While managed drainage systems improve crop yields, they can also contribute tothe eutrophication of downstream ecosystems, as tile-drained systems are conduits for nutrients to adjacent waterways. The changing climate of the Midwestern US has already altered precipitation regimes which will likely continue into the future, with unknown effects on tile drain water and nutrient loss to waterways. Adding vegetative cover (i.e., as winter cover crops) is one approach that can retain water and nutrients on fields to minimize export via tile drains. In the current study, we evaluate the effect of cover crops on tile drain discharge and soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) loads using bi-monthly measurements from 43 unique tile outlets draining fields with or without cover crops in two watersheds in northern Indiana. Using four water years of data (n = 844 measurements), we examined the role of short-term antecedent precipitation conditions and variation in soil biogeochemistry in mediating the effect of cover crops on tile drain flow and SRP loads. We observed significant effects of cover crops on both tile drain discharge and SRP loads, but these results were season and watershed specific. Cover crop effects were identified only in spring, where their presence reduced tile drain discharge in both watersheds and SRP loads in one watershed. Varying effects on SRP loads between watersheds were attributed to different soil biogeochemical characteristics, where soils with lower bioavailable P and higher P sorption capacity were less likely to have a cover crop effect. Antecedent precipitation was important in spring, and cover crop differences were still evident during periods of wet and dry antecedent precipitation conditions. Overall, we show that cover crops have the potential to significantly decrease spring tile drain P export, and these effects are resilient to a wide range of precipitation conditions.  相似文献   

基于ArcGIS的土壤稳定性评估——以张飞庙景区为例     

赵保睿  匡明星  王均浩  覃莹莹 《北京测绘》2020,(2):229-232

近年来山体滑坡以及泥石流等自然灾害事故频发,为能够减少灾害的影响,需要对特定区域的土壤稳定性进行调查或评估。传统对于土壤稳定性的评估一般是采用实地调查的方法,这种方法不仅效率低,而且对事故多发地段对于调查人员的安全影响较大。因此论文利用ArcGIS软件,根据DEM数据以及地区矢量图,通过计算坡度或坡向等方法对云阳县张飞庙景区进行土壤稳定性评估。运用该方法能够快速得到张飞庙景区土壤稳定性情况,确定不稳定区域范围,具有较强的实效性和实用性。  相似文献   

BDS卫星差分码偏差稳定性分析及其短期预报     

梅登奎  闻德保 《大地测量与地球动力学》2020,40(7):746-750

利用MGEX(multi-GNSS experiment)发布的BDS卫星差分码偏差(differential code bias, DCB)产品，比较分析不同太阳活动水平下BDS卫星DCB产品的稳定性变化特性，并采用差分自回归移动平均(auto-regressive integrated moving average, ARIMA)时间序列预测模型，实现不同太阳活动水平下BDS卫星DCB的短期预报。结果表明，在太阳活动高年，BDS卫星DCB日解值稳定度、月稳定性均明显低于太阳活动低年，且不同卫星星座类型的BDS卫星DCB稳定性也存在差异；ARIMA时间序列预报结果与MGEX发布值符合程度较好，优于多项式拟合法预测结果。  相似文献   

多层构造油藏纵向细分计算单元对储量参数及结果的影响     

颜冠山  刘宗宾  宋洪亮  韩雪芳  王欣然 《地质与资源》2020,29(4):342-350

为满足油田中后期精细开发及后续调整挖潜的需要，亟需进行更精细的储量研究，其中最重要的一环就是纵向细分计算单元.对于多层构造油藏，纵向细分主要根据油层组内隔夹层分布特征、小层物性特征，细分到以小层或者分布特征和物性相近且纵向上连续分布的小层组合为计算单元.根据纵向细分计算单元前后储量参数选值的理论推导，结合储层的沉积展布特征，认为含油面积范围内无储层尖灭时，仅平面油层厚度差异较大的油藏平均有效厚度变小.含油面积范围内储层尖灭时，正常三角洲沉积储层的油藏各参数一般都变小；而辫状河三角洲沉积储层的油藏一般平均有效厚度变小，平均有效孔隙度和平均含油饱和度变大.这一结论可以有效指导储量评估过程中纵向细分计算单元方案划分，为同类油田的精细储量研究提供技术支撑.  相似文献   

关中盆地浅层地热能赋存规律及资源量估算     

周阳  洪增林  张卉  曹晓凡  穆根胥 《中国地质调查》2020,7(2):21-29

通过野外地质调查及室内综合研究,分析了关中盆地浅层地热能的开发利用情况、赋存特征和形成模式,并对资源量进行了估算,总结了盆地不同地貌单元、不同岩性的岩土体热物性参数特征,计算了区域恒温带深度和浅层大地热流值。关中盆地地热能的形成模式主要为热传导型和热对流型: 热传导型地热资源主要分布于西安凹陷、固市凹陷等完整地质块体内; 热对流型地热资源主要分布于深大断裂直接沟通地表的区域以及断裂带周边区域。采用层次分析法对关中盆地浅层地热能进行适宜性分区,认为关中盆地整体属于地埋管地源热泵系统适宜区或较适宜区,地下水地源热泵系统适宜区和较适宜区主要分布在盆地中部漫滩区和阶地区。利用热储法,计算关中盆地浅层地热能热容量为1.38×10¹⁶ kJ/℃,浅层地热能储量巨大,开发利用前景优良。  相似文献   

冰冻圈服务综合区划理论与方法     

林浩曦  黄金川  效存德  漆潇潇  陈云谦 《地理学报》2020,75(3):631-646

冰冻圈是全球气候系统的主要圈层之一,既具有不可替代的气候效应,又维系着寒旱地区社会经济和自然生态系统良好运行,而中国是中低纬度地区冰川、积雪、冻土发育程度最高的国家。长期以来,针对冰冻圈“致害性”的研究众多,而聚焦冰冻圈服务的“致利性”研究则相对滞后,在此背景下着眼于人类福祉的冰冻圈服务识别与综合区划研究成为冰冻圈科学、人地系统可持续发展等的关键科学问题之一,也是目前迫切需要开展的研究方向。首先,确定以地域分异规律理论、人地关系地域系统理论、集合论和信息编码论等跨学科理论为研究基础;尔后,构建面向综合区划研究的冰冻圈服务分类体系,先以供需均衡模型为核心进行单项服务重要性空间识别,再以服务最大化模型为指导,通过区位熵算法判定冰冻圈主导服务的空间分布;最后,以三维魔方展开法为核心制定冰冻圈服务综合区划方案,将研究区划分多重空间层级、彼此独立完整、相互联系密切的冰冻圈服务单元。综上,形成综合自然供给和人文需求因素且适应地区特色的冰冻圈服务空间识别与综合区划技术体系和方法流程,为冰冻圈服务供给与社会经济发展需要架起一座桥梁,是满足国家重大战略需求和合理利用冰冻圈服务的必由之路。  相似文献   

资源环境承载协调理论与评价方法     

李瑞敏  殷志强  李小磊  刘琼  孟晖  黄道袤  王轶  王龙平  王欣宝  刘建奎  孙超  赵德刚 《地质通报》2020,(1):80-87

资源环境承载能力评价是进行国土空间规划和用途管控的基础性工作,越来越受到国家重视。在资源环境承载能力研究实践中,以自然资源环境系统及其与社会经济系统的关系为主要研究对象,创新性提出了"资源环境承载协调理论",并基于此理论初步建立了不同空间尺度的地质资源环境承载能力评价技术方法,构建了地质环境、地下水资源、矿产资源等不同资源环境要素的承载能力评价指标体系,包括承载本底评价指标和承载状态评价指标。规范了不同尺度的资源与环境承载能力评价流程,为有序推动全国、区域及市县尺度的自然单元和行政单元的地质资源环境承载能力评价工作提供了强有力的。  相似文献